You’ll need a Social Security Number (SSN) if you’re moving to or working in the U.S. for all sorts of important things like paying taxes, opening a bank account or getting a driving license.

What is a Social Security Number?

Social Security in the U.S. is a federal program that provides financial support to people who need it (e.g. retired people, disabled people etc).

Think of it a bit like national insurance.

The Social Security Number (SSN)’s primary function is to track people for these benefits and for taxation, making it an essential component of the U.S. financial and legal systems.

It’s so central that, even though you might not be entitled to these benefits, you will need one to do basic things in the U.S like open a bank account.

SSN vs. ITIN: What You Need to Know

Don’t confuse a Social Security Number (SSN) with an Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN). While both numbers are comprised of nine digits, they are intended for different groups of people.

The SSN is obligatory for those who live and work in the U.S., including people on work visas!

On the other hand, an ITIN may be obtained by non-residents who, despite not living or working in the U.S., require a tax identification number. (E.g. somebody who is a citizen by birth but has never lived in the U.S. might need an ITIN to file taxes there).

I’m only in the USA temporarily (e.g. a work visa), can I get a Social Security Number?

You can apply for a SSN upon entering the U.S. under a suitable work visa.

Check what kind of visa you’re on.

Work visa categories such as E-1, E-2, H-1B, H-2A, H-2B, L-1A, or L-1B automatically allow their holders to work in the U.S.,so you’ll be able to apply for a SSN right away.

What if I’m studying?

Students on an F-1 or M-1 visa will need to secure an Employment Authorisation Document (EAD) before they are eligible to apply for an SSN.

I’m moving to the U.S. for good! How do I get my SSN?

For immigrants, the process to request an SSN begins as part of the immigrant visa application.

You’ll need to fill in Form DS-260. You’ll have the option to request that the Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) pass your information to the SSA for your SSN issuance upon arrival in the U.S.

However, if your Social Security Card doesn’t arrive for some reason, you’ll want to follow the steps below.

Step-by-Step Process for Obtaining an SSN

If you’re coming to the U.S. on an Immigrant Visa:

• Application: As part of your immigrant visa application, opt to request an SSN by answering relevant sections on Form DS-260 (Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration Application).

Obtaining an SSN after arrival in the U.S.

• Eligibility Check: Confirm your U.S. citizenship or legal immigration status.
• Application Form (SS-5): Complete the Application for a Social Security Card (Form SS-5). This form is available on the SSA’s website or at local Social Security offices.
• Required Documentation: Prepare original documents to prove your identity, age, and legal immigration status.
• Visit a Social Security Office: Use the SSA’s office locator tool to find and visit the nearest office, submitting your application and documents in person.
• Processing Time: Typically, the processing time varies, but expect to receive your Social Security card in the mail within a few weeks.

Important Links and Reminders

• General information about obtaining a SSN from the Social Security Administration is available at Social Security Number and Card.
• For document requirements, refer to the SSA publication Documents You Need for a Social Security Card.
• Keep your Social Security card secure; it’s a critical document that should be stored safely and not carried around unnecessarily.

Conclusion

Acquiring a Social Security Number is a crucial step for anyone planning to work and live in the United States. Understanding the differences between an SSN and an ITIN, as well as following the appropriate application procedure for your situation, ensures a smoother integration into U.S. society.

Should you have any questions or require additional assistance, contacting the Social Security Administration directly or visiting their official website is recommended.